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Educational Survey 

of Bacon County 

Georgia 

BY 

M. L. DUGGAN, Rural School Agent 

AND 

EURI BELLE BOLTON, 
Extension Dept., G. N. I. College 



£S\ 



No. 38. 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



M. L. BRITTAIN 

State Superintendent of Schools 

1922. 



DOWMAN-WILKINS. PRINTERS 



Educational Survey of 

Bacon County 

Georgia 



BY 

M. L. DUGGAN, Rural School Agent 

AND 

EURI BELLE BOLTON, 
Extension Dept., G. N. L College 



No. 38. 



n (V a a DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



M. L. BRITTAIN 

State Superintendent of Schools 
1922. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

RECEIVED 

AUGX81922 
docum£nt« division 



BACON COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS 



HON G. A. TAYLOR, County Superintendent Alma, Ga. 

County Board of Education : 

Hon. L. B. Cole Nicholls, Ga. 

Hon. John Williams Rockingham, Ga. 

Hon. W. M. Carter Rockingham, Ga. 

Hon. Walter Holton Rockingham, Ga. 

Hon. Leonard P. Taylor ..Alma, Ga. 



GEORGIA .CBUMTIES 
In which 
EDUGATIONAl SURVEYS 
have been made by 
,^^^^S~^ U.L.DUGGAH, 
^^^^V^'^' K\\^ Rural School Agent, 

and pxibllahed by the 
>;;;5i^^^ii^i5J(S'^tate Department of Education. 




In addition to above aurveys Edncatlonal 
Meaaarementa have been made thrpughont the city 
systems of Dublin, Cordele, Albany, Commeroe. Wayneaboro, Sparta, 
Wpshington, etc. 



THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF BACON COUNTY. 



In 1914 Bacon County was created from parts of Coffee, 
Pierce and Ware Counties. It has been freely charged that 
in anticipation of this action these portions of said counties 
were neglected during the two or three years' campaign be- 
ing waged for the creation of said county. Certain it is that 
the new county started off with an empty treasury, and with 
its public schools, public roads, etc., in a dilapidated condi- 
tion. From the very beginning therefore it was under the 
necessity of operating schools without funds in the treasury, 
build the court house and jails, and put the public roads in 
passable condition. Notwithstanding the difficult public 
problems confronting them and the meager resources at 
their command (the taxable property was returned at $1,- 
848,029.00 in 1915), the citizens of the new county bravely 
started out with a most commendable zeal — but "not ac- 
cording to knowledge," as present conditions show. Flushed 
with the political victory of a new county and relying upon 
an uncertain future, bonds were voted and a court house 
and jail constructed at a total cost of about $100,000.00, 
while the public schools of the county were neglected. The 
jail cost $20,000.00, while at a very liberal valuation all the 
schoolhouses in the County system are worth but little — 
if any — more than half this amount. The total value of 
their equipment, other than seatings, is negligible. The 
schools are being operated for only a six months school year 
by a very weak corps of teachers, with few exceptions (See 
detailed report herein on teachers), and upon very small 
salaries. These meager salaries are generally paid off with 
due bills, which the teachers usually sell for whatever they 
will bring. As will be noted in this report (page 9) very 



few teachers remain long at the same school. A careful 
study of this itemized report on the schools of the county- 
will show how utterly incapable they are of adequately 
educating the county's children, and the alarming lack of 
thoroughness of the children in the fundamental subjects, 
as revealed by the tests and measurements (see tables), and 
the serious percentage and degree of retardations, are inevit- 
able results of the very inefficient public school system. 

The public school problem in Bacon county is primarily an 
economic problem. But it is also a problem of better organ- 
ization and supervision. 

More funds undoubtedly will be required to greatly 
improve the educational facilities of the county, but merely 
more money will not much improve the situation. Better 
organization and supervision will be imperative in order 
to produce satisfactory results. 

Too many schools are permitted and too many grades 
per teacher allowed. (See Georgia School Laws, Art. 6; 
Sec. 17.) Fortunately, the county has an object lesson in 
consolidation at the Junior High School which furnishes 
evidences of the superior results possible under such organ- 
ization over every other school in the system. (See com- 
parison of results on page 12). However, the superiority 
of this school over the smaller schools of the county cannot 
be expressed in words and figures. The appreciation of 
the patrons, the interest and enthusiasm of the pupils, the 
pride of the community, are all reactions from the consoli- 
dation. 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

1. More money for maintenance. 

2. Consolidations where possible, and limitations of the 
number of grades per teacher everywhere, which will mean 
fewer schools to maintain and much better educational 
results for the children. 



6 



3. Better school buildings and equipment. (They should 
be properly planned). 

4. A stronger teaching force. 

5. Constant, expert, professional supervision of teaching 
processes in all the schools. 

6. Compulsory attendance enforcement. 

7. Free text-books, especially for the primary grades. 

SCHOOL GROUNDS. 

Ample school grounds of from two to four acres have 
been secured for most of the rural schools and the titles 
are properly vested in the County Board of Education. In 
most cases, however, these school grounds liave not been 
improved or made attractive. None of thera have school 
gardens, and play grounds have not been provided. Play- 
ground equipment can be found nowhere except at the 
Junior High School. Water is supplied generally from open 
surface wells, many of them not more than eight or ten feet 
deep, and therefore easily contaminated. As this report 
shows, there are certain schools at which no toilets have 
been provided, while at a number of other places they have 
provided only one. Nowhere have sanitary toilets been pro- 
vided, except that septic tank toilets are being installed at 
the Junior High School. Such universal neglect of the 
moral and physical welfare of the teachers and children is 
absolutely inexcusable. 

SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. 

There is not a school building in Bacon County which 
measures up to modern standards of school architecture. 
The school building at Alma is a fairly good brick building, 
but was built several years ago and not well planned for 
school purposes. It is improperly lighted and in need of 
some repairs. 



In the County System the Junior High School is the best 
building, notwithstanding it suffers from architectural 
errors which could have been avoided if the school officials 
had consulted the State Department of Education. The color 
scheme for the inside walls is inartistic and also such as has 
a bad effect in properly lighting the class rooms. This 
school also has a better teaching equipment and is withal a 
much more efficient school plant than any other in the 
county system. None of the small school buildings in the 
county have been well planned and all are unsuited to school 
purposes. The estimated total value of all the school build- 
ings in the county system is less than half the value of the 
school buildings at the county seat and very little over half 
the cost of the county jail. And yet there are more than 
900 pupils enrolled in these rural schools, as compared with 
a little over 200 pupils enrolled in the Alma School, or still 
fewer criminals occupying the jail. Most of them are the 
old rectangular, box-car type, with no cloak room, or extra 
room for special school activities provided. They are gen- 
erally lighted from three or four sides and usually heated 
by a small stove placed in the center of the room. Some of 
the buildings instead of having a stove flue have the stove- 
pipes projecting through windows, thereby greatly endan- 
gering the building as well as rendering it still more unat- 
tractive. Many of the small school buildings are new and 
unceiled. 

It will be very easy to remodel these unfinished buildings 
so that they will be correctly lighted and so that provision 
can be made for the wraps and lunches. These alterations 
could be made at very little extra expense, and if they are 
made and the buildings are ceiled and painted, they will be 
much better adapted to school work. But where it is prac- 
tical to consolidate schools, no permanent improvement 
should be made on the present buildings. 

The school buildings are poorly equipped. Some of them 
have no blackboards, some have rough home-made black- 

8 



boards, and very few have a sufficient amount of black- 
board. Without good blackboards teachers cannot do good 
school work. All of the schools have good patent desks, but 
few have teachers' desks. Two schools have small school 
libraries. There are very few maps, charts, globes, sand- 
tables, or pictures in any of the schools. 

Many of the pupils were not supplied with books. Inquiry 
was not made in all of the schools, but in the few schools 
in which the inquiry was made there were 78 pupils who 
were partly supplied with books and 18 pupils who had no 
books. The pupils who had no books were in the primary 
grades. 

TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS. 

The teachers in the rurals schools of Bacon County have 
had very little preparation for their work. Eight of the 
teachers in the small schools hold a first grade license, two 
hold a second grade license, five hold a third grade license 
and five hold no license. Only two of the teachers in the 
small schools have had college training; one is a high school 
graduate; nine have finished the ninth or tenth grade and 
eight have only completed the seventh or eight grade. All 
of the teachers, except one, in the Alma High School and 
in the Junior High School hold a first grade license. But 
only four of the 13 teachers in these schools have had col- 
lege training and seven have had only ninth or tenth grade 
work. Eleven of the 33 teachers have had summer school 
work in addition to their previous training. 

Table Showing the Training and Qualifications of Teachers 
in Bacon County. 

License Primary Elementary High School Total No. 

1st. 2nd. 3rd. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. 1st. 2nd. 3rd. None ? Teachers 

One & Two 

Tchr. Schs. — — — 42 54 — — 5— 20 

Alma High 

& Junior 

High Schs. — _ — 111— 1 — — — — 13 

9 



Elemen- 
Training tary High School Normal College Total No. 

7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12 12 3 4 20 

yr. yi's. yr.yrs.yrs.yrs. 



One & Two 
Teacher Schs. 
Alma High & 
Jr. H. Schs. 


4 4 


4 5 1 — — 2 

4 3 2— 2—2 


20 
13 


Experience 


1 yr. 


5 or more 
2yrs. 3 yi's. 4 yrs. yrs. ? 


Total No. 
Teachers 


One & Two 
Teacher Schs. 
Alma High & 
Jr. H. Schs. 


5 
2 


6 4—5 — 
12 17 — 


20 
13 


Service at Present 
School 1 yr. 


5 or more 
2 yrs. 3 yrs. 4 yrs. yi's. ? 


Total No. 
Teachers 


One & Two 
Teacher Schs. 
Alma High & 
Jr. H. Schs. 


15 

10 


3 2 — — — 
1 — — 2 — 


20 
13 



Many of the rural teachers take summer courses under 
private teachers. These schools, conducted by private indi- 
viduals, are not under the supervision of the State Depart- 
ment of Education, and may or may not give the teachers 
the help which they need. Many of the teachers who have 
finished the seventh or eighth gi'ade have attended special 
schools for the purpose of taking a teacher's course. Many 
of the high schools in the state are offering a Teacher- 
Training Course to the pupils in the eleventh grade. The 
course offered is outlined by the State Department of Edu- 
cation. Any person who has had less than eleven grades of 
school work does not have sufficient scholarship for a course 
in methods of teaching. Teacher training work offered by 
any school on the basis of seventh or eighth gi'ade scholar- 



10 



ship is superficial and should be discouraged by superin- 
tendents and county boards of education who are interested 
in the welfare of their schools. 

The teachers could do much better work if they would 
teach longer at the same school. Of the 33 teachers whose 
qualifications were studied, 25 were teaching at their present 
school for the first time. A number of the teachers were 
filling unexpired terms of teachers who had left the county 
because they were not receiving their salaries promptly. 
The County Board of Education will have to adjust its finan- 
cial difficulties and employ better trained teachers before 
the conditions in the schools can be much improved. The 
scores made on the tests by the seventh grade in the small 
schools show that the work in this grade in these schools 
is very inaccurate and very far below the seventh grade 
standard. The scores made on reading and artithmetic by 
the seventh grade in the small schools are below the stand- 
ards for the fifth grade. And yet some of the teachers in 
the county have had only the seventh grade work in similar 
schools. Teachers can not do good school work when they 
do not know the subject matter they are trying to teach. 
They can not inspire the people to maintain good schools 
when they have never seen a good school. 

CLASSROOM WORK. 

In order to get some idea of the quality of classroom 
work being done in the schools, educational tests were given 
to all of the grades from the third through the seventh. 
These educational tests have been given under the same 
conditions to thousands of pupils in representative schools 
in all parts of the United States. The medium or average 
scores have been found and are called Standard Scores. The 
Standards for each test represent what average children 
should be able to do in each subject if they have been 
well taught. 

11 



From the results of the tests discussed on the following 
pages, certain conclusions may be drawn. 

1. The classroom work being done in all of the 
schools of Bacon County is below the standard. 

2. The classroom work being done in the Alma 
High School and in the Junior High School is much 
more thorough than the work being done in the 
small schools. The Junior High School has been con- 
solidated only a short time and has been greatly 
handicapped because of a lack of funds. But in spite 
of these difficulties, the teachers, because of the 
improved conditions resulting from the consolidation, 
are doing much better classroom work than is being 
done in the small schools. This fact is very gratify- 
ing and should encourage other communities to come 
together and establish good schools so that their 
children may have an opportunity to secure a good 
elementary and high school education. 

3. The classroom work in the small schools is very 
poorly done. But it can be no better until the unfav- 
orable conditions in these schools are changed. The 
small schools have very poor buildings and very little 
equipment. Many of the pupils are insufficiently 
supplied with books and pencils. The country schools 
have only a six months' school term. And the teach- 
ers in these schools have very poor scholarship. Some 
of them have finished only the seventh or eighth 
grade and very few of them have had normal train- 
ing. Teachers who know so little about the sub- 
jects they are trying to teach and who know nothing 
of the best methods of teaching cannot be expected 
to do good classroom work. 

READING. 

The Monroe Silent Reading Test Revised was given to all 
of the grades from the fourth through the seventh. The 

12 



test consists of a series of simple paragraphs with a ques- 
tion at the end of each. The question can be easily answered 
if the paragraph is understood when read. The test meas- 
ures the pupil's rate of reading and his ability to understand 
what he has read. The rate of reading is indicated by the 
Rate Score (see table below.) The ability to understand 
what has been read is indicated by the Comprehension Score. 
(See Comp. score in table.) The individual scores in each 
grade were combined and the median or average score for 
each grade was found. 

Some scores made by the individual pupils are higher 
than the average for their grade and some are lower, but 
the median or grade scores given in the tables represent 
50 per cent of the pupils. Hence the median grade scores 
for each school represent the average work being done in 
reading in that school or type of school. The scores in all 
of the subjects were worked out in the same way and the 
median grade scores represent the average work being done 
in each subject. 

Median Scores in Silent Readins: Made by the Schools 
in Bacon County. 



Grades III 


rv 


V 


VI 


VII 


vni 




Standard 82 


122 


142 


159 


171 


185 


Rate 


3.8 


7.7 


9.8 


11.0 


12.5 


13.7 


Comp. 


Alma High School — 


87 


— 


130 


156 


— 


Rate 


— 


4.0 


— 


9.5 


14.0 


— 


Comp. 


Jr. High School — 


86 


112 


132 


135 


— 


Rate 


— 


4.0 


6.5 


8.6 


8.4 


— 


Comp. 


One & Two — 


62 


95 


104 


129 


— 


Rate 


Teacher Schools — 


2.0 


5.0 


7.0 


9.0 


— 


Comp. 



The scores made by the fourth and the sixth grades in 
the Alma High School are about one year below standard in 
both rate and comprehension. The score in rate of reading 
made by the seventh grade in this school is a year below 
the standard, but the score in comprehension is above the 

13 



eighth grade standard. The scores made by the fourth, 
fifth and sixth grades in the Junior High School are about 
a year below the standard in both rate and comprehension. 
The score made by the seventh grade in this school is two 
years below the standard. The score made by the fourth 
grade in the one- and two-teacher schools is only one-half 
the scores made by the two larger schools and is less than 
one-third of the standard score. The score in reading made 
by the fifth grade in the one- and two-teacher schools is 
more than a year below the standard and is lower than the 
score made by the fifth grade in the Junior High School. 
The scores made by the sixth and seventh grades in the 
one- and two-teacher schools are a year lower than the scores 
made by the sixth and the seventh grades in the Alma High 
School and are two years lower than the standard scores 
for these grades. The reading test was given to the third 
grade in the one- and two-teacher schools, but the children 
were so poorly trained that they could not understand in- 
structions and the scores made on the test are so low that 
they are not included in the report. 

The scores made in reading by all of the grades of all of 
the schools, with the exception of the score made by the 
seventh grade in the Alma High School, are from a year to 
two years lower than the standard scores. The scores made 
by the smaller schools are about a year lower than the scores 
made by the Alma School and the Junior High School. The 
tests were given in Bacon County near the close of the school 
term, but the standard scores represent achievement in 
reading near the beginning of the school year. Therefore 
the reading ability of the pupils in the schools of Bacon 
County is even poorer than this comparison indicates. 

Reading is so poorly taught in the small schools of the 
county that it is safe to assume that the pupils are only 
skmming the surface of the thought subjects which are be- 
ing taught. Seventh grade pupils who can read no better 
than fifth grade pupils are expected to read cannot master 

14 



history, civics, agriculture and the other subjects which 
this grade is supposed to study. And yet many of the pu- 
pils who finish the seventh or eighth grade in these schools 
take four or five weeks summer course, in many instances 
from a private teacher, and teach in the schools of the 
county. The teachers themselves have had such poor train- 
ing that they cannot read well and they do not know how to 
teach reading; the schools have no equipment, no charts, no 
perception cards, no supplementary reading books, etc., for 
for the teaching of reading; the schools have only a six 
months' term and during the last few years the financial 
situation of the county has been so difficult that there has 
been a constant change of teachers. Under these conditions 
it is no wonder that the schools are meaning so little to the 
children of the county. 

LANGUAGE. 

The Trabue Language Scale B was used in measuring the 
work in language. The test consists of twenty incomplete 
sentences — sentences which have some of the words left 
out. The pupils are given seven minutes in which to write 
the missing words in the blank spaces. The score depends 
on the number of correct sentences the pupil has at the end 
of seven minutes. 

Median Scores in Language Made by the Schools of 
Bacon County. 

Grades III IV V VI VII 



Standard 


8.0 


10.0 


11.4 


14.0 


13.4 


Alma High School 


— 


8.8 


10.8 


11.3 


12.3 


Junior High Schools 


— 


7.8 


10.3 


10.8 


10.6 


One & Two-Teacher 












Schools 


4.4 


6.4 


8.7 


10.1 


13.0 



There is difference of 1 between the standard scores for 
all the grades above the fourth. Therefore, if a grade score 

15 



is 1 point below the standard score, that grade is, approxi- 
mately, one year below the standard in language work; if 
a grade is .5 lower than the standard, that grade is a half 
year below the standard in language work. 

The scores made in language by the fourth and fifth 
grades of the Alma School are about a half year below the 
standard and the scores made by the sixth and seventh 
grades in this school are a year lower than the standard 
scores. The score made by the fifth grade in the Junior 
High School is a half year lower than the score made by the 
fifth grade in the Alma School; the scores made by the 
fourth and the sixth grades in this school are a year lower 
than the scores made by these grades in the Alma School. 
The score made by the seventh grade in the Junior High 
School is very low, but there were only a few pupils present 
when the tests were given and the score probably does not 
represent the language work of the class. The score made 
by the third grade in the one and two-teacher schools is 
very low; the scores made by the fourth and fifth grades 
in these schools are a year lower than the scores made by 
these grades in the Junior High School and are two years 
lower than the standard scores. The score made by the 
sixth grade in these schools is a half year lower than the 
score made by the sixth grade in the Junior High School and 
is two years lower than the standard score. The score made 
in language by the seventh grade in the one and two-teacher 
schools is higher than the scores made by the seventh grade 
in the Junior High School and the Alma School. Only the 
stronger pupils in these schools stay in school long enough 
to reach the seventh grade and this probably accounts for 
the high score made by this grade. 

The scores made in language by all of the schools in the 
county are very low as compared with the standard scores 
and are low as compared with the scores made on this test 
by many schools in other Georgia counties. These scores 
show that the language work which is being done in the 

16 



schools of Bacon County is not developing in the children 
the power of selection and correct usage of words. If the 
teachers will place more emphasis on exercises in oral Eng- 
lish and correct spoken English in recitation, their language 
work will be more practical because it will develop in the 
pupils correct habits of speech. 

ARITHMETIC. 

The Woody-McCall Mixed Fundamentals Aritmetic Test, 
Form 1, was used to measure the work in arithmetic. 

Table Showing the Median Scores Made in Arithmetic by 

the Schools in Bacon County as Compared 

With the Standard Scores. 



Grades 


III 


IV 


V 


VI 


VII 


Standard 


12.8 


17.7 


21.9 


25.0 


27.4 


Alma Hiffh School '^^ 


— 


14.0 


— 


25.0 


23.0 


Junior High School 


— 


11.0 


16.0 


21.5 


22.4 


One & Two-Teacher 












Schools 


5.6 


11.3 


15.0 


15.0 


21.8 



*The test was not given to the fifth grade in this school. 

The scores made by all of the grades in the Alma School, 
except the sixth, are below the standard. The scores made 
by the fourth, fifth and sixth grades in the Junior High 
School are one year lower than the standard scores and the 
score made by the seventh grade in this school is two years 
below the standard. The scores made in arithmetic by all of 
the grades in the one and two-teacher schools are lower than 
the scores made by the grades in the Junior High School 
and in the Alma School. The scores made by the sixth and 
seventh grades in these schools are two years below the 
standard. The low third grade median made by the pupils 
in the small schools shows that the children in this grade 
have practically no knowledge of the simple arithmetic 
processes. 

The test papers show that the pupils are very inaccurate 
in their work, especially in addition and multiplication. 

17 



Pupils in the fifth and sixth grades failed to work such 
simple examples as 13h-6 and 13 — 8. None of the grades 
in any of the schools have acquired a mastery of the funda- 
mental operations in arithmetic. The pupils in the upper 
grades in the small schools have very little knowledge of 
fractions and decimals. Habits of speed and accuracy in 
work can be developed by giving more time to rapid oral 
and written drills in the various operations and to arithmetic 
exercises which call for a time limit. 

RETARDATION. 

A complete study of the problem of retardation in the 
schools of Bacon County was not made. But a study of the 
ages of the children who took the tests shows that the re- 
tardation of pupils is very serious and is an added indication 
of the inefficiency of the present county school system. 
Sixty-four percent of the 363 pupils who took the tests are 
from one to seven years older than they should be for their 
grades. This high percentage of retardation means that it 
is taking much more time than it should take for the chil- 
dren in the schools to complete their grades. One of the 
chief causes of this retardation is irregular attendance. Of 
the 964 pupils enrolled in the schools which were visited, 
only 538 were in school on the days the schools were in- 
spected. The responsibility of keeping the children in school 
regularly rests upon the parents. Another hindrance to 
normal progress through the grades is the short school term. 
Children who attend school only six months during the 
year cannot be expected to do as much school work as chil- 
dren who attend school nine months each year. Bacon 
County is a new county and is as yet undeveloped. The 
future development and prosperity of the county will depend 
upon the intelligence of its citizenship. Therefore money 
spent wisely in establishing a more efficient school system 
will bring greater returns in the future than any investment 
which the county can make. 

18 




ALMA HIGH SCHOOL. 



(Not in the Bacon County System.) 

Teachers: Prof. T. J. Towensend; Miss Mildred Wright; Mr. T. C. 
O'Steen; Miss Senella Thomas; Miss Estelle Waite; Mrs. W. M. 
Flanagin; Miss Nannie E. Dumas. 

Location: Alma, Ga., County Seat of Bacon County. 

Grounds: Ample space for playgrounds, etc.; very little play equip- 
ment. 

Buildings: A brick building with eight class rooms and auditorium; 
no cloak rooms; building in bad repair; small frame two-room 
building for primary grades; value about $30,000.00. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; fairly good blackboards; charts; 

globes; maps; dictionaries; small science laboratory; library, etc. 
Organization: Seven teachers; eleven grades; enrollment about 225; 

some transportation of pupils from the county; nine months 

school year. 

NOTE: The school receives $1,000.00 bonus for high school aid under 
the Barrett-Rogers Act. 



19 




JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. 

(A Consolidated School.) 

Teachers: Lee Russell; Mrs. Lee Russell; Miss Eula Mae Gaskin; 
Miss Cilia Meadows. P. O. Alma, Ga., R. F. D. 

Location: Four miles west to Rockingham; four miles northwest to 
Springfield. 

Grounds: Area four acres; titles in County Board of Education; 
fenced; improved and well kept; beginning to put in playground 
equipment; surface toilets (septic tank toilets to be installed); 
shallow surface well. 

Building: Value $8,000.00; six class rooms (two incomplete); two 
cloak rooms; music room; building partly painted. (The build- 
ing is being enlarged and improved); floors oiled; unilateral 
lighting. 

Equipment: Single and double patent desks; teachers' tables; insuf- 
ficient amount of blackboards; one globe; one map; one primary 
chart; water cooler and individual drinking cups; no reference 
dictionaries; no library. 

Organization: Four teachers; nine grades; enrollment one hundred 
eighty-eight; attendance one hundred fifty-six; seven months 
school year; two literary societies. 

NOTE: This is the only consolidated school in Bacon County, and 
is doing by far the best work of any school in the county 
system. The educational results to the pupils are much superior 
to those found in the other schools, and will furnish an unan- 
swerable argument for further consolidations. The school re- 
ceives $500.00 bonus from the State under the Barrett-Rogers 
Act as a Consolidated Elementary School. 



20 




i i'VA 



SPRINGFIELD SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Miss Clarice Mae Altman, Rockingham, Ga. 

Location: Four miles southeast to Junior High School; four miles 
south to Johnson Farm school; four miles north West Satillo. 

Grounds: Area (?); titles in County Board of Education; unimprov- 
ed; no school gardens; no play equipment; surface toilets. 

Building: Value $1,600.00; unfinished; unceiled; unpainted; one 
class room; no cloak rooms; well lighted. A well constructed 
building, but not a good plan. 

Equipment: Double patent desks; teacher's desk; good blackboards; 
charts; small globe; no maps; framed pictures; large stove for 
heating. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty; attend- 
ance thirteen. 



21 




JOHNSON FARM SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Allie Barber, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Four miles southeast to Rockingham School; three miles 
north to Springfield; four miles west to Douglass; three and half 
miles east to Junior High School. 

Grounds: Area, one acre; titles in private individual; unimproved; 
no school gardens; no play equipment; w^ater from pump; only 
one surface toilet, condition very bad. 

Building: Value, $200.00; one class room; no cloak rooms; unceiled; 
unpainted; improperly lighted; not in good repair. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desk; insufficient 
amount of blackboard; no maps; no globe; no charts; no pic- 
tures; no reference dictionary; no library. 

Organization: One teacher; six grades; enrollment twenty-six; at- 
tendance twenty-four; no program posted. 



22 




GREENHEAD SCHOOL. 



Teacher: J. H. Bennett, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Three miles southwest to Cothern School; one mile to Jeff 
Davis County line; two miles to Coffee County line. 

Grounds: Two acres; titles in County Board of Education; unimprov- 
ed; no school gardens; no play equipment; two surface toilets in 
very bad condition. 

Building: Value $800.00; one class room; no cloak rooms; ceiled; 
unpainted; improperly lighted; insufficiently heated. 



it: Single patent desks; teacher's desk; good blackboards; 
..„ maps; no globe; no framed pictures; one reading chart; one 
reference dictionary; no library. 



Equipment: Sin 

no 



Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty-one; at- 
tendance thirty-one; no program posted; seven pupils not sup- 
plied with textbooks. 



23 




SATILLO SCHOOL. 



Teacher: J. H. DeWeese, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Three and half miles southwest to Douglass; four miles 
west to Holton; four miles north to Antioch. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in County Board of Education; un- 
improved; no play equipment; only one surface toilet, condition 
bad. 

Building: Value $600.00; one class room; no cloak rooms; unceiled; 
unpainted; very rough floor; improperly lighted; dangerous 
stoves; insufficiently heated. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desk; very poor black- 
boards; no maps; no globes; no reference dictionary; no pic- 
tures; no library; one reading chart. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty-six, at- 
tendance thirty-two; no program posted. None of the pupils 
well supplied with textbooks. 



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ROCKINGHAM SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Miss Marie Wooten, Rockingham, Ga.; Mrs. Floyd Carter, 
Rockingham, Ga. 

Location: At railroad station; three miles west to Alma; three and 
half miles southeast to New Lacy. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in County Board of Education; no 
school gardens; unimproved; very small playgrounds; no play 
equipment; only one surface toilet, very bad condition. 

Building: Value $800.00; two class rooms, separated by a curtain; 
no cloak rooms; unpainted; improperly lighted; insufficiently 
heated. Building in very bad condition. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teachers' desks; no blackboards; 
no maps; no globes; no charts; no pictures; no reference dic- 
tionaries; no library. 

Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; enrollment sixty; attend- 
ance forty -one; no program posted. 



25 




MANOR SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Miss Eulagene Lewis, Alma, Ga.; Miss Maud Coachman, 
Alma, Ga. 

Location: Three and half miles southeast to Alma; four miles north- 
west to Stewart; four miles northeast to Johnson's Farm School. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in (?); fenced; unimproved; no 
school gardens; no play equipment; water from pump; two sur- 
face toilets, in bad condition. 

Building: Value $450.00; one class room; no cloak rooms; unceiled; 
unpainted; improperly lighted; insufficiently heated. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; very poor blackboards; no maps; 
no globe; no charts; one health chart; no framed pictures; no 
reference dictionary; no library. 

Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; enrollment seventy-five; 
attendance twenty; no program posted. 



26 




CODY SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Annie Nail, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Two and half miles south to Damascus; seven miles to 
Junior High School; near Appling County line. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in Board of Education; unimproved; 
clean; no school gardens; no play equipment; only one surface 
toilet; water from shallow surface well; individual drinking cups. 

Building: Value $600.00; one class room; unceiled; unpainted; no 
cloak rooms; improperly lighted; floor not oiled. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; teacher's table; insufficient amount 
of blackboards; reading charts; no reference dictionary; no 
library. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty-two; at- 
tendance twenty-seven; no program posted; some pupils Mdth- 
out any textbooks, many without full supply. 



27 




COMMUNITY SCHOOL. 



Teacher: W. B. Oxendine, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Three and half miles southeast to Manor; three miles south 
to Wolf Pit; two miles north to Cothren. 

Grounds: Area four acres; titles in County Board of Education; 

grounds well kept but unimproved; no school gardens; ample 
playgrounds, but no equipment; water from shallow surface 
well; surface toilets. 

Building: Value $600.00; two class rooms; unceiled; unpainted; new 
building, unfinished; improperly lighted; no cloak rooms. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desk; very poor black- 
boards; no charts; no maps; no globe; no reference dictionary; 
no framed pictures; no library. One health chart. 

Organization: One teacher (extra teacher part time); seven grades; 
enrollment sixty-five; attendance thirty; no program posted. 



28 



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COTHREN SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Stella Young, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Two and half miles south to Community; three miles north 
to Greenhead. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in County Board of Education; 
fenced; well kept; small playgrounds, no equipment; no school 
gardens; shallow surface well; only one surface toilet. 

Building: Value $1,000.00; one class room; two cloak rooms; ceiled; 
painted outside only; improperly lighted; well kept. 

Equipment: Double and single patent desks; teacher's desk; good 
blackboards; large globe; reference dictionary; one set refer- 
ence books; several framed pictures; one health chart. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty-seven; 
attendance forty-one. No program posted. 



29 



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DAMASCUS SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Mrs. L. Hyers, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Two miles north to Cody; three miles southeast to New 
Bethel School; adjacent to church and cemetery. 

Grounds: Area (?); titles (?); unimproved; small playgrounds; no 
play equipment; water from shallow surface well; only one 
surface toilet. 

Building: Value $100.00; one small class room; in very bad repair; 
utterly unsuited for school purposes. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desks; no blackboards; 
no pictures; no globes; no charts; no maps; no dictionary; no 
library. 

Organization: One teacher; five grades; enrollment sixty-one; at- 
tendance forty-eight; no program posted; half the pupils not 
fully supplied with textbooks, some have none. 



30 




DOUGLASS SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Miss Sallie Lee, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Four miles to Satillo; two and half miles north to Ray. 

Grounds: Area four acres; titles in County Board of Education; 
unimproved; no school gardens; small playgrounds, but no play 
equipment; grounds well kept; no toilets. 

Building: Value $500.00; one class room, partly ceiled; unpainted; 
insufficiently and improperly lighted. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desk; no blackboards; 
no maps; no globe; no pictures; no charts; no reference dic- 
tionary; no library; one health chart. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment ; attend- 
ance twenty-four; fifteen pupils insufficiently supplied with 
textbooks; three pupils without any textbooks. 



31 




LEE SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Pearl Deen, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Two and half miles southeast to Taylor's School; three and 
half miles west to Pine Grove. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in County Board of Education; 
fenced; small playgrounds, no play equipment; no school gar- 
dens; shallow surface well; only one surface toilet. 

Building: Value $400.00; one class room; no cloak rooms; unpainted; 
improperly lighted; insufficiently heated. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; teacher's table; very poor home- 
made blackboards; no maps; no globe; no framed pictures; no 
charts; no reference dictionary; no library. 

Organization: One teacher; eight grades; enrollment thirty; no pro- 
gram posted. 



32 




NEW BETHEL SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Francis Peters, Coffee, Ga. 

Location: Four miles northeast to Damascus; one-half mile to Pierce 
County line. 

Grounds: Area ( ?); titles, private; small playgrounds, without equip- 
ment; unimproved; surface toilet. 

Building: Value $200.00; one class room; unceiled; unpainted; no 
cloak rooms; improperly and insufficiently lighted. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desk; very poor black- 
boards; one small globe; one U. S. History map; no reference 
dictionary; no library; no pictures. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment forty-six; at- 
tendance twenty; no program posted. 



33 




NEW LACY SCHOOL. 

Teacher: Wesley Cothren, Alma, Ga. 

Location: No other school nearer than six miles. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in County Board of Education; un- 
improved; small school garden; small playgrounds, no play 
equipment; only one surface toilet. 

Building: Value $800.00; one class room; two cloak rooms; painted 
outside, unpainted inside; ceiled; improperly lighted. Used as 
a church. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; teacher's table; insufficient 
amount of blackboards; reading chart; no maps; no globe; no 
reference dictionary; no library. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty; att"nd- 
ance forty-eight. Several pupils not supplied with textbooks. 
No program nested. 



34 




TAYLOR SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Verna Barber, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Two and half miles to Lee School; three miles to Bolden 
School. 

Grounds: Area one acre; titles in County Board of Education; unim- 
proved; no school gardens; small playgrounds; no play equip- 
ment; shallow surface well; only one surface toilet; condition 
very bad. * 

Building: Value $400.00; one class room no cloak rooms; unpainted; 
unceiled; improperly lighted; insufficiently heated. 

Equipment: Single and double patent desks; teacher's desk; insuffi- 
cient amount of blackboard; one globe; no maps; no framed 
pictures; one reference dictionary; no library. 

Organization: One teacher; four grades; enrollment fifteen; attend- 
ance twelve; no program posted. 



35 




GREGORY SCHOOL. 



Teachers: Miss Arline O'Steen, Alma, Ga.; Miss Arline Tanner, 
Alma, Ga. 

Location: Two and half miles southwest to Taylor's; near Hurricane 
School in Pierce County. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in County Board of Education; un- 
improved; no play equipment; water from shallow surface well; 
only one surface toilet, very bad condition. 

Building: Value $1,000.00; two class rooms; two cloak rooms; un- 
painted; new building; improperly lighted; insufficiently 
heated. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; teacher's table; good blackboards; 
U. S. map; one reading chart; one large globe; a reference 
dictionary; small library, good case; no framed pictures. 

Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; enrollment fifty-four; at- 
tendance forty-three; no program posted. 



36 




ANTIOCH SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Eula Mimms, Alma, Ga. 

Location: Four miles south to Satillo; four miles southwest Holton. 
Near Jeff Davis County line. 

Grounds: Area one acre; titles in County Board of Education; unim- 
proved; small playgrounds; no school garden; shallow surface 
well; two surface toilets. 

Building: Value $600.00; one class room; unceiled; unpainted; rough 
floor; improperly and insufficiently lighted. Building improp- 
erly planned. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; no teacher's desk; small, rough, 
home-made blackboards; no maps; no charts; no globe; no 
framed pictures; no reference dictionary; no library. 

Organization: One teacher; six grades; enrollment forty-two; at- 
tendance twenty-nine; pupils not well supplied with textbooks. 



37 





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COFFEE SCHOOL. 



Teacher: Miss Ida Holton, Coffee, Ga. 

Location: Four miles northwest to New Lacy; three and half miles 
northeast to Damascus; three and half miles southwest to 
Carter School. 

Grounds: Area two acres; titles in trustees; fenced; yards clean; no 
school gardens; water from shallow surface well; no play equip- 
ment; only one sui'face toilet. 

Building: Value $500.00; one large class room; ceiled; unpainted; 
no cloak rooms; very improperly lighted; insufficiently heated; 
well kept. Building could ea.ily be remodeled to meet proper 
requirements. 

Equipment: Single patent desks; teacher's desk; very poor and in- 
sufficient amount of blackboards; no maps; no globe; no charts, 
no reference dictionary; a small library and case; individual 
drinking cups. 

Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enrollment fifty; attend- 
ance thirty-five. Some pupils attending without textbooks. 



38 




HOLTON SCHOOL. 




ADELE SCHOOL. 



39 




'ONLY ONE SURFACE TOILET; 
CONDITION VERY BAD." 



40 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 877 535 6 



